phylogenetic diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity, nucleotide diversity). habitat diversity ) or different subcategories (e.g. habitat diversity or even biodiversity vs. "Definitions tend to become less precise as the complexity of the subject increases and the associated spatial and temporal scales widen." Biodiversity itself is not a single concept but can be split up into various scales (e.g. Īs with all diversity measures, it is essential to accurately classify the spatial and temporal scope of the observation. Besides richness, evenness and heterogeneity are considered to be the main dimensions along which diversity can be measured. Taking into account the relative frequencies, many biodiversity indexes have been developed. Raw counts may not be as ecologically relevant as relative or absolute abundances.
Locally bounded loss rates can be measured using species richness and its variation over time. These rapidly rising extinction trends impacting numerous animal groups including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and ray-finned fishes have prompted scientists to declare a contemporary biodiversity crisis. The current rate of global diversity loss is estimated to be 100 to 1000 times higher than the (naturally occurring) background extinction rate, faster than at any other time in human history, and expected to still grow in the upcoming years. Sir Peter Scott, Founder of the World Wide Fund for Nature, Cosmos Magazine, 2010 However, the United Nations Environment Programme report on "Making Peace with Nature" released in 2020 found that most of these efforts had failed to meet their international goals. The international commitment and goals for this work is currently embodied by Sustainable Development Goal 15 "Life on Land" and Sustainable Development Goal 14 "Life Below Water". For example, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity is focused on preventing biodiversity loss and proactive conservation of wild areas. International environmental organizations have been campaigning to prevent biodiversity loss for decades, public health officials have integrated it into the One Health approach to public health practice, and increasingly preservation of biodiversity is part of international policy. Reduced biodiversity in particular leads to reduced ecosystem services and eventually poses an immediate danger for food security, but also can have more lasting public health consequences for humans. Ecological effects of biodiversity are usually counteracted by its loss. Įven though permanent global species loss is a more dramatic and tragic phenomenon than regional changes in species composition, even minor changes from a healthy stable state can have dramatic influence on the food web and the food chain insofar as reductions in only one species can adversely affect the entire chain ( coextinction), leading to an overall reduction in biodiversity, possible alternative stable states of an ecosystem notwithstanding. The current global extinction (frequently called the sixth mass extinction or Anthropocene extinction), has resulted in a biodiversity crisis being driven by human activities which push beyond the planetary boundaries and so far has proven irreversible. The latter phenomenon can be temporary or permanent, depending on whether the environmental degradation that leads to the loss is reversible through ecological restoration/ ecological resilience or effectively permanent (e.g. %) doįriedel Ziegelmayer for the Elixir programming language.Summary of major biodiversity-related environmental-change categories expressed as a percentage of human-driven change (in red) relative to baseline (blue)īiodiversity loss includes the worldwide extinction of different species, as well as the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat, resulting in a loss of biological diversity. Get "/v1/hello-world", do: send_resp(conn, 200, "Hello world") Any request that goes to a route that isn’t defined on your Phoenix app will hit this plug, and you can then handle it using a familiar DSL: defmodule doĪlias # example client made with HTTPoison Then, define a new Terraformer, which uses Plug.Router. Terraform allows you to incrementally transform an older API into one powered by Phoenix - one endpoint at a time.įirst, add to your router: defmodule MyApp.Router do A simple plug designed to work with Phoenix.
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